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BCS ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level CTFL 4.0 CTFL4 Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q10-Q15):

10. Frage
Which ONE of the following statements does NOT describe how testing contributes to higher quality?

• A. The testing of software demonstrates the absence of defects.
• B. Properly designed tests that pass reduce the level of risk in a system.
• C. Performing a review of the requirement specifications before implementing the system can enhance quality.
• D. Software testing identifies defects, which can be used to improve development activities.

Antwort: A

Begründung:
The testing of software does not demonstrate the absence of defects, but rather the presence of defects or the conformance of the software to the specified requirements1. Testing can never prove that the software is defect-free, as it is impossible to test all possible scenarios, inputs, outputs, and behaviors of the software2. Testing can only provide a level of confidence in the quality of the software, based on the coverage, effectiveness, and efficiency of the testing activities3.
The other options are correct because:
A . Properly designed tests that pass reduce the level of risk in a system, as they verify that the system meets the expected quality attributes and satisfies the needs and expectations of the users and clients4. Risk is the potential for loss or harm due to the occurrence of an undesirable event5. Testing can help to identify, analyze, prioritize, and mitigate the risks associated with the software product and project6.
C . Software testing identifies defects, which can be used to improve development activities, as they provide feedback on the quality of the software and the effectiveness of the development processes7. Defects are flaws or errors in the software that cause it to deviate from the expected or required results or behavior. Testing can help to detect, report, track, and resolve the defects, and prevent them from recurring in the future.
D . Performing a review of the requirement specifications before implementing the system can enhance quality, as it can ensure that the requirements are clear, complete, consistent, testable, and aligned with the needs and expectations of the users and clients. Requirements are the specifications of what the software should do and how it should do it. Testing can help to validate that the requirements are met by the software, and verify that the software is implemented according to the requirements.
Reference =
1 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 10
2 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 11
3 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 12
4 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 13
5 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 97
6 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 98
7 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 14
[8] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 15
[9] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 16
[10] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 17
[11] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 18
[12] ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, 2023, p. 19

11. Frage
A company wants to reward each of its salespeople with an annual bonus that represents the sum of all the bonuses accumulated for every single sale made by that salesperson. The bonus for a single sale can take on the following four values: 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% (the percentage refers to the amount of the single sale). These values are determined on the basis of the type of customer (classified as "Basic" or "Premium") to which such sale was made, and on the amount of such sale classified into the following three groups G1, G2 and G3:
* [G1]: less than 300 euros
* [G2]: between 300 and 2000 euros
* [G3]: greater than 2000 euros
Which of the following is the minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table associated with this scenario?

• A. 0
• B. 1
• C. 2
• D. 3

Antwort: C

Begründung:
The minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table associated with this scenario is 6. This is because the decision table has 4 conditions (type of customer and amount of sale) and 4 actions (bonus percentage). The conditions have 2 possible values each (Basic or Premium, and G1, G2 or G3), so the total number of combinations is 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16. However, not all combinations are valid, as some of them are contradictory or impossible. For example, a sale cannot be both less than 300 euros and greater than 2000 euros at the same time. Therefore, we need to eliminate the invalid combinations and keep only the valid ones. The valid combinations are:
Type of customer
Amount of sale
Bonus percentage
Basic
G1
3%
Basic
G2
5%
Basic
G3
7%
Premium
G1
5%
Premium
G2
7%
Premium
G3
10%
These 6 combinations cover all the possible values of the conditions and actions, and they are the minimum number of test cases needed to cover the full decision table.

12. Frage
Consider the followingiteration planning taskswhere a tester can provide value:
* Break down user stories into tasks (particularly testing tasks)
* Estimate test effort for all testing tasks
* Identify and refine functional and non-functional aspects of the test object Which ONE of the following tasks should be ADDED to the above list?

• A. Planning the testing for the release
• B. Writing testable user stories and acceptance criteria
• C. Determining the test strategy
• D. Participating in the detailed risk analysis of user stories and determining their testability

Antwort: D

Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:During iteration planning, testers provide input on risk analysis, testability, and the feasibility of test automation.Participating in risk analysis (B)helps identify areas needing more extensive testing.
* (A) is incorrectbecause the test strategy is usually set at a higher level (project or release level).
* (C) is incorrectas release planning is broader than iteration planning.
* (D) is incorrectsince writing user stories is mainly the responsibility of theproduct owner, though testers contribute to defining acceptance criteria.
Risk-based test prioritizationensures testing efforts are aligned with business needs and software risks.

13. Frage
Which ONE of the following options MOST ACCURATELY describesstatement testing?

• A. In statement testing, the coverage items are decisions and statements. The aim is to design test cases that exercise statements in the code until an acceptable level of coverage is achieved, expressed as a percentage.
• B. In statement testing, the coverage items are executable statements. The aim is to design test cases that exercise statements in the code until an acceptable level of coverage is achieved, expressed as a percentage.
• C. In statement testing, the coverage items are control flow transfers between branches. The aim is to design test cases to exercise branches in the code until an acceptable level of coverage is achieved, expressed as a percentage.
• D. In statement testing, the coverage items are branches, and the aim is to design test cases to exercise branches in the code until an acceptable level of coverage is achieved, expressed as a percentage.

Antwort: B

Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:Statement testingaims to executeevery executable statementin the source code at least once.
* (D) is correctas statement testing ensuresmaximum statement execution.
* (A) describes branch testing, which focuses on flow transfers.
* (B) and (C) incorrectly mix decision testing and branch testing concepts.

14. Frage
For each test case to be executed, the following table specifies its dependencies and the required configuration of the test environment for running such test case:

Assume that C0NF1 is the initial configuration of the test environment Based on this assumption, which of the following is a test execution schedule that is compatible with the specified dependencies and allows minimising the number of switches between the different configurations of the test environment

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